It's more accurate to say that imagination is an asset that can give a business an edge over its competitors if it's used correctly. If the business doesn't use the tools, it will lose any possible edge in the market. Divergent thinking is a way of thinking that includes being creative.

Innovation is putting creative ideas into action in a useful way. Thinking creatively could be seen as the first step towards innovation. Today's world is very competitive, and things change very quickly. Because of this, imagination and innovation are very important for both small businesses and society as a whole.

It is strongly suggested that new ideas not be put into action right away, or they will fail in mainstream use on their own. In a market that is always shifting and moving, it probably won't work. Because of this, both the Newstream and Mainstream of an organisation must have a strong flow of information and be constantly improving.

Internal new-business processes should be seen as a form of entrepreneurship, and managers who want to start new businesses should be intrapreneurs, which means they are inside or internal entrepreneurs. This means that the organization's structure, control, and culture need to be set up in a way that encourages inventiveness and gives new-venture managers a lot of freedom in creating and marketing new products.

HR managers grapple with talent complexities, emphasizing the growing significance of HR analytics for data-driven decisions in talent acquisition, retention, and performance enhancement. This study proposes a model HR Analytics for companies addressing the rising demand that surpasses managers' readiness. It introduces a framework for effective execution of HR Analytics

The paper integrates a focus on the symbiotic relationship between company culture and analytics, emphasizing its pivotal role in HR management and organizational success. Recognizing this synergy's impact on cultural alignment, talent management, and training, the study contributes to organizational adaptability, engagement, and growth. This holistic perspective underscores the strategic imperative of integrating culture and analytics for effective HR management and sustained organizational prosperity in a concise manner.

The purpose of this research is to explore the challenges faced by Indian organizations in adopting and working with HR analytics. Examining challenges in HR analytics adoption, evaluating HR Analytics Training effectiveness, and exploring the analytics-organizational performance relationship is imperative for carrying out the study.

This study is exploratory in nature. The study is original in nature as primary data is gathered to examine the HR Analytics perceptions of and implications for the contemporary managers in India. The study employs empirical technique and draws insights from 70 Indian managers.

Statistical tools affirm the training program's efficacy, noting increased confidence post-training. The findings also reveals that increasing managers' involvement in HR Analytics have a constructive impact on the organization's financial performance, as measured by ROI. The resulting insights can be taken as valuable implications for Indian organizations looking to maximize the benefits of their HR Analytics initiatives.

The objective of the research was to identify the behavior of individual investors while making investment decision. Investor psychology has been one of the important factors affecting the stock market. This makes investigation of behavioral biases very important and its role in shaping the investment decisions. This research seeks to find the influence of certain identified behavioral finance concepts (or biases), namely, Overconfidence, Representativeness, Herding, Anchoring, Cognitive Dissonance, Regret Aversion, Mental Accounting, and Hindsight Bias, on the decision-making process of individual investors of Indian Stock Market. Primary data for analysis was gathered by distributing a structured questionnaire among investors of India who were categorized as (i) young, and (ii) experienced. Results obtained through discriminant analysis of sample of 237 respondents, revealed that mental accounting bias was a significant factor that differentiated young and experienced investors behavior while taking investment decision.

The Apatanis are one of the well-known tribes of Arunachal Pradesh among the 26 major tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. They inhabit the Ziro valley, the headquarters of Lower Subansiri District. Originally Apatanis resided in seven villages viz. Bulla, Tajang, Hija, Dutta, Diibo, Hong and Hari. Due to over growing population, the Apatanis have now established more villages. Apatanis are famous for their unique methods of sustainable farming and social forestry. In April 2014, Apatani Cultural Landscape has also been added to the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites for ‘extremely high productivity’ and ‘unique’ ways of preserving ecology.They are famous for the sustainable efficient methods that they have been following to cultivate rice. The farm lands are built on flat lands and therefore, wet rice cultivation is followed along with pisciculture. Even the elevated partition bunds between rice plots are utilised to grow millets. Their farms are uniquely marked with efficient channels and canals for irrigation purposes. There are no farm animals or machines used; instead the focus is on using nature friendly and sustainable methods only. They have also successfully been able to conserve the forests around the valley which serve as water sheds for streamlets flowing down into the fields, thereby helping them in the irrigation system. Their traditional economic system is unique and self-sufficient.

Since the olden time the Apatanis, like other tribes of the state, have been living as a joint and cohesive community by helping and assisting each other in a mutual manner which is clearly reflected in their practice of mutual assistance, joint possession and management of property. In fact, cooperation is intrinsically imbibed in socio-cultural life the tribal people in the state.

Further, the co-operation as a basis of tribal life has proved much effective in dealing with the day to day problem of their life since time immemorial. The tribal generally help each other in constructing house, preparing paddy field and in other agriculture related activity. They are practising a type of team work in performing their work effectively, which is not because of deliberate engagement/plan but because of the ethics of their society. In Apatani tribe ‘Patang’ is one of such arrangement, which has been called by as ‘a gang of agriculture labors’ (Hameindorf,1944). ‘Patang’ is a group of volunteers which helps the person needing extra hands to work in rice fields. They don’t charge any consideration for the work, but the work is done in turn basis in the rice field of every member of ‘Patang’.

Before the monetization of economy in tribal society, the help other than manual viz. lending and borrowing happened in kind, goods were lent and there was no fixed time period for return of goods, the lending was totally free of cost, with the sole intention of helping the brethren’s. But after the monetization of economic activity in tribal society, they felt the need to pool their resources and thus the formation of group type of lending association began. These groups are organized on the basis of clan, lineage, sex (brother and sister’s groups) and common interest. The groups may vary from 5 members to 100 members. They collect their subscription on regular intervals, monthly, half yearly, annually or once/twice in lifetime. The subscription amount ranges from Rs10 to Rs 20000.

The basic purpose of formation of such group corpus is to provide money to the members at the time of necessities such as education expenses, medical expenses, and expenses related to customs and rituals etc. The other purpose is to lend the fund at interest, which may vary from association to association, the present rate of interest varies from 3 percent to 5 percent per month. At the end of the year, audit is done, if any member has outstanding amount to pay, then he is asked to pay during the audit. If the group corpus makes profit, the portion of profit is shared among the members in some fund association and remaining portion of profit is retained in group corpus fund. As of now it has been informed that there are about 15 to 20 crores of money in circulation, which are dealt through traditional micro-finance system within the Apatani tribes.

Designing employee need-based retention requires a grasp of job embeddedness and its determinants to comprehend the intention of turnover in organizations. This study looks at how certain factors affect workers' job embeddedness in the IT sector and how they affect workers' inclination to leave. A total of 508 employees from Indian IT organizations are the subjects of the study. It is agreed that the link between an employee's intention to leave, the six selected variables, and their job embeddedness does not vary much. The study reveals that there is a negative correlation between job embeddedness and employee turnover intention. This implies that employees with more deeply embedded employment have significantly lower inclinations to leave their jobs. The study shows that a higher degree of employment embeddedness significantly lowers employees' propensity to leave the IT business. Consequently, it appears that the majority of workers in the IT sector have little intention of leaving their current position and do not plan to hunt for another one.

The corporate landscape in the modern world is evolving quickly. In light of current acts and requirements held by the regulatory authorities, numerous adjustments are being made to the technological aspects. A crypto currency has this feature. Transactions are encrypted and validated in crypto currencies, which has given them a reputation. Crypto currency is a fantastic example of a new type of currency that is both worldwide and unrestricted by a central bank or other regulatory body. 2009 saw the creation of Bitcoin, the first crypto currency. Today, crypto currencies are a well-known global phenomenon. This paper provides an overview of crypto currency, its features, and its impact on the financial services sector. The study recommends that investors carefully evaluate their risk tolerance and investment goals before investing in crypto currencies and suggests strategies for managing these investments. Due to security concerns while handling financial transactions, digital currencies are necessary. The two crypto currencies that are the subject of the current investigation are Bitcoin and Ethereum. The historical price data is taken and comparison is done. Data analysis uses statistical methods including mean, standard deviation and variance. The study is carried out between 2019 and 2023.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the types of revenue creation models that life insurance firms in India generally employ, as well as how effective they are at accurately evaluating the financial performance of these companies. SBI Life and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance are the two life insurance providers that we have selected for this. To achieve the goals of the study, a variety of statistical and financial methods are employed in conjunction with secondary sources to gather data pertaining to the five-year period between 2018 and 2023. To analyze their performance, one must include financial, intellectual, human, social, and relationship capital. In all four of the models utilized in this analysis, SBI Life insurance outperforms ICICI Prudential Life insurance in terms of performance.

COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new strain of Coronavirus. CO stands for corona, VI for virus and D for disease. It has manifold effect not only India but also across the globe. Covid 19 has adverse effect on almost every sectors of the economy. This review paper focuses on impact of pandemic Covid-19 on Indian Economy. The paper portraits the impact of Covid-19 on different economic sectors of Indian Economy namely GDP, Unemployment rate, Inflation, Interest rate, Government debt and Balance of trade. The paper gives a highlight on these sectors from 2016 to 2020 and it can be concluded that Covid 19 affect adversely to all selected sectors.

In this technological world, people wants to access everything on the tap of a finger. Considering this as an opportunity, the food aggregator have come with different platforms like Zomato, Swiggy, Uber Eats and Food Panda to deliver the food at the doorstep of consumer with ease and convenience. This study analyses Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology2 to determine the adoption for online food delivery services. The aim of the study is to identify the significance difference of demographic variables on adoption of online food delivery services. 200 respondents surveyed who had ordered the food via online food delivery applications. The Kruskal Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test was applied. The implications of the findings would be helpful to academicians and marketer.

To give a complete evaluation of academic literature on talent management, the study used two bibliometric analysis methodologies to identify the most influential documents in terms of citation and the most collaborated authors and countries in talent management research. For this purpose, a total of 1372 publications related to talent management between 2002 to 2021 were identified from the Scopus database. The result revealed that the most influential document was “Strategic talent management: A review and research agenda, “having 755 citations. The most collaborated author was “Scullion H.” with 36 records, followed by “Collings d.g.” with 25 documents. Furthermore, the most engaged country was the “United Kingdom,” having links with 38 countries, and the total link strength was 167.Additionally, this bibliometric analysis produces more systematic information and knowledge about document citations and the collaboration of authors and countries in researching talent management. The results of this study may be helpful to other academics and researchers who are working on similar research questions.

Behavioural finance proclaims that instead of being rational and calculating, people often make investment decisions based on affections and cognitive biases. It helps us understand how investment decisions are greatly influenced by emotion, biases, and cognitive restrictions of the human mind in processing and responding to information. It is necessary to remain rationale instead of being emotional, prejudiced, and biased while investing and thus, behavioral finance delivers a blueprint to guide people in making better, more rational decisions of investment matters. This research is being conducted to analyse the relevance of behavioral finance in investment decision of an individual. The data of 485 respondents is collected through Likert based structured questionnaire on behavioural influences related to Investment Decision. Responses are analysed through descriptive statistics and bi-variate analysis using SPSS, AMOS and Smart PLS. Results of statistical analysis- EFA, CFA and SEM demonstrate that investment decision of people is highly influenced by their psychological components which can lead them towards irrational investment decisions. Overconfidence, Representativeness, Self-Attribution Bias, Familiarity and Representativeness are the major psychological determinants affecting investment behaviour as per the statistical results of this research. Moreover, the relevance of these psychological elements varies as per the demographic profile of an individual as found in non-parametric test results. Due to these psychological components, people don’t remain balanced while selecting different investment avenues for their investment. They assign less or more importance to the specific component of investment decision which can hinder the growth of their portfolio return. Thus, this study on the relevance of behavioral finance while planning for investment would help financial planners and investment advisors in suggesting rationale and customized portfolio of investment to their clients by convincing them to avoid mistakes that will decrease their personal wealth.

There is no need to emphasis the significance of horticulture crops, particularly fruits and vegetables, in improving nutrition and the economy. South Gujarat's most important horticultural crop is mango. Mango is distributed via two supply chains: the traditional APMC Supply chain and the Mango Marketing Cooperatives of South Gujarat. Post-harvest loss in the Mango Supply Chain is one of the most significant concerns and obstacles in the Indian Fruits Supply Chain. A knowledge gap exists about post- harvest losses in Gujarat and South Gujarat. The extent of the overall loss and its causes at each actor level remain unknown. This study determines the supply chain loss in both chains and concludes that both the Conventional APMC Chain (38.44%) and the Co-operative Marketing chain (38.26%) experience losses. Given the size of the loss is approximately 38%, policymakers and the government must take immediate measures to reduce the overall loss in the mango supply chain in South Gujarat.

Smart wearable is the one of the fastest growing industries all over the world as per IDC Report 2022. From the same, Smartwatch along with fit bands are some of the fastest accepted commercial wearables. The aim of the study is to observe the model fit of the hypothesized research model. Another aim of the study is to identify the influence of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived risk on attitude influencing purchase intention for smartwatch. The study was conducted in Surat, Navsari and Bardoli in South Gujarat region of India. The hypothesized research model was developed based on the model of Technology Acceptance (TAM). Total respondents considered for the study was 300. The data was collected using on probability convenience sampling from the specific cities or town. AMOS was used to analyse data. Structural equation modelling was applied in the study. It was identified that perceived usefulness and perceived risk were having influence on attitude for purchasing the smartwatch while perceived ease of use was not having significant influence on purchase intention for smart watch.

India is undoubtedly the home of a tech savvy skilled workforce of 500+ million and a proud skill capital of the world. India gradually heading towards becoming the country with the highest population, especially the rural but tech savvy youth; need to inculcate entrepreneurial zeal among the students at the higher education forum, to ensure sounding success of the promising ‘Make in India’ and the ‘Start-up India’ campaigns launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. For this, the youth brigade needs to abandon the mentality of a desperate ‘Job Seeker’ and should intend to be a progressive ‘Job Creator/Giver’. This is particularly true for the students of Agriculture and Allied Sciences as there are ample opportunities for becoming the “Agriprenuers (Agri Entrepreneurs)”; provided the students of these courses inculcate such positive mentality. If these students – the budding Agripreneurs develop positive attitude towards taking up entrepreneurial venture, then and then only, we would be able to see many Agripreneurs coming out of the portal of the State Agricultural Universities of Gujarat. Entrepreneurial motivation is crucial to process of organizational emergence. In this regard, the present Empirical Paper, utilizing the published theoretical literature and Communication Approach of the Descriptive Cross- sectional research design, assesses the entrepreneurial motivation level of the rural youth studying in various disciplines related to Agriculture and Allied Sciences in a SAU located in the coastal region of the vibrant Gujarat State in India – the state which is known for having business in the blood of people. It also analyzes their perceptions of the drivers and inhibitors for entrepreneurship. This study found that there is a wide spread lack of awareness among these budding Agripreneurs regarding the entrepreneurial eco- system in place; and consequently they are not being benefitted by the promising initiatives of the University, State and Central Government. Data collected from 100 respondents suggests that personal attitude of the student, parental/family background, perceived structural support and family support are found to be the top most four factors that have significant impact on entrepreneurial motivation. The outcome of this hitherto research study will help the institutions and higher-ups of the university to come up with action plan to guide, encourage and motivate the students and facilitate their entrepreneurial journey; ultimately contributing to the missionary project of ‘Start-up India’.

Contemporary business organizations are facing novel issues in achieving their performance standards. This may be accounted to either having a lack of an effective PMS or lack of an ability to efficiently implement a well-established PMS. This ultimately may resultinto low performance, low employee and organizational productivity, wastage and loss of resources, non-achievement of goals, low profitability, low credibility and organizational failure. No business organization is in the position to tolerate low performance in today’s highly competitive environment where it can be a matter of life and deathfor a company’s survival. Organization’s Performance Management System and Practices plays a crucial role in being instrumental to the achievement of the performance standards of the organization in the best possible manner. Further, performance management tools and practicesalso serve as the tool of HRMas performance management is all about managing people for improving their individual and organizational performance and PM efforts are mostly linked to various HR sub-systems and functions. The study aims to highlight theperformance management practices undertaken bycompaniesto ensure high performance standards. It further attempts to identify the gaps in organization’s Performance Management Systems or Practices and suggest measures to fill the gaps and channelize efforts for improving employee and organizational performance. To capture the information on current PM practices and views of HR professionals on the same, primary data was collected from a convenience sample of 27 companies of Vadodara District, Gujarat using a structured questionnaire. The rationale behind the study is to highlight the fact that companies still struggle with having and implementing a proper performance management system. Many companies are still ambiguous about the difference between the traditional performance appraisals and modern performance management. They are unaware about the core elements of performance management systems and necessary activities to be undertaken as a part of performance management practices. Though believe that they are implementing PM in their organizations; however, they are way far from the actual performance management activities and practices. Performance Management is a continuous effort of planning the work performance, jointly setting the goals with individual subordinate, managing his performance through continuous coaching, review and feedback and creating opportunities for employee to learn more about his/her own profession, and rewarding well-performing employees. Improved individual and organizational performance, retained and satisfied employees, productive employees, greater accountability, responsibility and commitment, high engagement are the expected outcomes of PM efforts.

The purpose of this study is to identify and examine that how consumers attach importance to food safety, nutrition attributes, value attributes and package attributes in attitude formation and intentions of purchase towards organic food products. The study applied both qualitative and quantitative research design comprising of 50 in-depth interviews and 580 surveys among the organic food consumers residing in Vijayawada City in Andhra Pradesh, India. Findings show that food safety, nutrition attributes, value attributes and package attributes of organic food have positive effects on consumers' attitude towards organic food products. The results further reveal that attitude towards organic food influence purchase intention significantly. This research offers empirical and theoretical implications by emphasising on the details of food safety, nutritional attributes, value attributes and package attributes consumers will perceive in attitude formation and purchase intention of organic food products.

This article aims to review the literature on succession planning for family-owned construction firms (FOCFs). The purpose is to unearth and contextualize the perceptions of owner-managers towards undertaking succession planning in FOCFs. Multiple sources of data were used to assess the perception of owner-managers of FOCFs to succession planning. The survey method involving quantitative methodology via questionnaire administration within a cross-sectional design was employed. The sample consisted of 142 respondents selected by purposive and snowball sampling. The unit of analysis was FOCFs in Ghana. The obtained information was processed employing selected descriptive statistical methods to obtain findings and conclusions drawn herein. Key findings of the study include the fact that the incumbent has a significant influence on the succession planning process. Positive perceptions of owner-managers have a significant effect on both the incumbent and the succession planning process. However, lack of trust was found to have a significant negative effect on succession planning. The ranking revealed the top three perceptions of owner-managers to include; owner-managers are afraid of the effects of succession, the size of the family, and have plans to undertake succession at old age. The study recommends a future study into the perceptions of successors towards succession planning because the perceptions of incumbents and successors may differ significantly and a willing successor is a recipe for effective succession planning. The findings are important for practice because successions are initiated, controlled, and driven by the owner-managers. Understanding the perception of owner-managers towards succession planning enables policymakers and the government to design initiatives to encourage and help shape the perceptions of owner-managers of family-owned construction firms. This study helps to advance understanding of the role of perception that determines incumbent's attitudes toward succession planning.

A life insurance plan provides insurers or their dependents a lump sum payment after a predetermined period or, in some cases, upon death. The customer's choice to invest in a life insurance plan is affected by a variety of factors, such as socioeconomic considerations, whether the company can be trusted, offers all insurance services, and demographic criteria, such as income, occupation, gender, and educational attainment. Investors must recognize their risks and manage them appropriately. This research aims to examine the variables that influence a person's decision to invest in a life insurance policy. 153 respondents completed a structured questionnaire that was used to obtain the data. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Chi-square to examine the relationship between demographic characteristics & policy features as well as between demographic variables & the percentage of income invested in life insurance. The analysis software SPSS is utilized. The outcome indicates that the investment decision is affected by the income component and the benefits provided by an insurance policy.

These days, the banking sector is preparing with innovative ICT administrations. Since the banking business now offers e-services due to the arrival of technology, service quality has become a crucial concern in this dynamic world. A consumer no longer has to wait in large lines to deposit or withdraw money. They are not need to rely on others to pay the costs. E-services have largely replaced the physical services provided by banks. The sole factor that links a consumer with a particular bank throughout the most recent couple of very long years is service quality. As a result, there has been a noticeable change in the financial industry. Realizing the value and quality of aid is difficult. Banking companies heavily rely on the accuracy of their customers' assumptions and understanding. Asking them questions about presumptions and their perception of the quality of the aid through precisely crafted overviews may very well be effective in achieving this. The components of administration quality have been examined in many ways, and SERVQUALhas been recognised as a tool created to measure administration quality. According to the observational study being conducted on the administration quality hypothesis, improved aid quality has a substantial role in overall client loyalty. The focus of the study will be on various investigations into service quality conducted by scientists in the past for various projects. As a result, the current probe is unique since it is brand-new to the hotel business in India. The report looks at the analysis of several studies. The paper investigates the review of various researches conducted on Service Quality by using SERVQUAL Method. and tried to explore what the researchers have concluded so far.

The government rolled out its ambitious financial inclusion program, the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) launched on 28th August 2014 and has become an important tool to facilitate the financial inclusion of the previously unbanked population of India. The research attempts to provide a landscape of academic research findings at the intersection of PMJDY and Financial Inclusion. To determine the key issues and gaps in the current academic research, this study consists of 36 academic research papers reviewed. The results show that the extant literature addresses the following collections of topics: Financial Literacy, Delivery, demography, and the impact of the scheme on financial inclusion. The topics covered in the literature consist of qualitative and quantitative data studying the supply and demand side of PMJDY and providing an understanding of the existing research on PMJDY- A Government flagship scheme for financial inclusion in India and finding research gaps for future study.

Changing Demographic statistics overwhelmingly have both instantaneous and distant policy ramifications for all the nations of the world, especially for India, which is going to emerge as the world’s populist country in near future. The country, on one hand, is expected to enjoy an adverse sex ratio. The situation is almost identical in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The panorama demands a careful investigation into gender statistics. Accordingly, the study based on secondary data attempts to examine the influence of literacy and illiteracy on selective sex births in rural and urban areas. The study on the basis of parametric analyses finds that literacy significantly contributes to selective sex births both in urban and rural areas and illiteracy largely favors unselective sex births. Moreover, the study observes that selective sex births syndrome is overwhelmingly adopted by the literate population. This seems a major reason for the aggravated sex ratio in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Moreover, the study on the basis of some advanced studies in medical science emphasizes that eliminating feticide on the basis of advanced medical aid is yet not a full proof procedure to know exactly the type sex of new birth in advance. Therefore, the paper attempts to refute the belief that the sex of a foetus not be determined exactly. The reality the fact is that the sex of a foetus cannot be determined exactly before the actual birth. Thus the study concludes that the gender statistics imbroglio is a very crucial issue and its myths and realities should be exposed in the light of advanced medical science along with eliminating emerging socio-economic evils in the society.

Telecom industry within sector of Information and Communication technology and is the second largest in the world. In this research paper, which is descriptive in nature, researchers have tried to portray the support of telecom industry during COVID-19 situation to other sectors and challenges faced by it. The source of data is basically secondary by nature. Private players of telecom industry like Reliance Jio, Airtel and Vodafone Idea are studied in detail. During COVID situation, most people were confined to homes. The economy and businesses were run from home. Besides, when people had more leisure time at their disposal, the usage of data resulting from surfing, chatting, browsing, playing online games and so on increased drastically. This led to growth of telecom industry. The paper concludes that telecom industry is a booming sector, and it had low losses as compared to others. How telecos are responding to various challenges is also discussed in this paper.

The economy of the state Assam is based on Agriculture and the rural mass depends mainly on agriculture and allied activities for their subsistence. The socio-economic status of majority of rural communities in the state is poor. Besides cultivation of various agricultural and commercial crops, the population of the state also practices fishing, breeding, sericulture, ceramics, husbandry, pottery etc. for their livelihood options. To understand various problems and prospects of socio economic development of rural communities, a case study was conducted in the Lakhimpur district of Assam. As a part of the study, this present paper addresses the livelihood aspects and socio economic condition of the rural communities in the Lakhimpur district of Assam. The district Lakhimpur is situated in the northern bank of the Brahmaputra river and about 91 per cent population reside in the rural areas. For the primary data collections 8 villages are selected randomly 4 from each of two Developmental Blocks namely the Nowboicha and Narayanpur. In total, 160 household families are randomly selected considering each village’s 10 percent respondents are randomly selected for final data collection. The data are collected through personal interviews using standard questionnaire. The study reveals that although the agriculture is the main employment and livelihood options of the people, the productivity and economic performance of agriculture is very poor. Regular floods, as well as the lack of irrigation and modern facilities are found as critical factors of poor performance of agriculture. To meet their daily needs, people have adopted other options, such as fishing and fishing, cattle breeding, cattle rearing and handicrafts etc. but even these activities do not provide enough earning to meet fulfil their basic needs. The lack of various infrastructures not only limits the livelihood options of the rural mass but also hinders their socio economic development.

We have conducted the study to know the relationship between Indian stock market and international stock markets. As in today’s time period people are investing comparatively more in stock market, so it becomes essential to take calculative risk. As we know after globalization, Indian investors have been trading globally and so for minimizing their risk in stock market, which is due to volatility and other factors. This study will help investors to know about the trend of past 10 years for its inter linkages between the stock markets of countries namely India, US, Japan and China. For minimizing the loss in stock market, we have tested the daily data from January 2010 to December 2020 by applying Unit Root Test and Engle-Granger Cointegration Test. The results of Augmented Dickey Fuller Test shows that the data of all stock markets are stationary at first difference. And the results of Engle-Granger Causality Test shows that there exists cointegration between the stock markets. This test has given the results that stock market of India is interlinked with US, Japan and China. Now it can be said that decision affecting the stock market of US, Japan or China [in any of the mentioned countries] will also affect the Indian stock market. Investors now can take decision wisely about their international trading in stock market. As the stock markets are interlinked with Indian stock markets, this also means that decisions or changes or the factors affecting the Indian stock market will also affect the stock markets of US, Japan and China.

Indian insurance industry growth rate of 14.47% (IBEF Report) this sector plays a vital role for Indian GDP. This study identified various factors based on cultural, social, personal, psychological parameters. The aim of the study was to identify factors influencing the purchase decision of customer purchasing life insurance product with reference to age group in the Gujarat region. Researchers identified various dependent and independent variables from the Chi-square Analysis Approach. The result was derived from hypothesis testing with respect to age and purchasing decision of life insurance products. Total 30 factors have been identified in this empirical study.

There has been much debate over the best method of accounting for the costs incurred by India's manufacturing sector, particularly the sectors devoted to the mechanical processing of goods. However, it is widely accepted that many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Automotive Engineering industry continue to use outdated costing methods because they lack access to modern resources and training. In their review of the existing literature, the authors identified a need for further investigation into the challenges faced by the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in India's Automotive Engineering Industry when adopting the ABC costing approach. The ubiquity of SMEs, especially those involved in the automotive engineering industry, gives this study great importance for offering practical advice.

Virtual learning has become most desired learning choice open to the educational institutions i.e., schools, colleges and universities due to the fast development of the internet technologies in India. New trends are emerging which affects the field of education such as Artificial intelligence, Virtual education, Game-based curricula, Paperless textbooks, Open education resources (OER), Collaborative learning, learning analytics, flipped learning, Blended learning, Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs) etc. One can witness the increase in the number of people choosing the e learning platforms for the purpose of learning on a daily basis. Parents are absolutely ready in terms of investing in these virtual platforms so that their children are benefitted by quality education for the entire life. Hence it becomes imperative to study the varied Indian virtual learning applications which are thriving in the market and catering to the needs of students from schools, higher educational institutions and also those preparing for various competitive examinations. The study is conducted to understand the background knowledge of Ed Tech education system, to find out the key variables playing important role in the acceptance Ed Tech education and to understand the challenges, products and market players offering in Ed Tech education.

Rapid digitization and globalization are leading to the existence of knowledgeableand more conscious customers. The companies have to win the battle in the minds of the customers for their success. The thought process, perceptions, and attitudesof customers are built on the quality of the experiences they had with servicefirms. Therefore private life insurance companies must be acknowledged with thecustomer perceptions of their services. The paper focuses on the service quality ofthe top five private life insurance companies: ICICI Prudential Life Insurance,Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance, HDFC Standard Life Insurance, Max Life Insurance,and SBI Life Insurance companies. The study revealed that the serviceperformances of the private life insurance companies are not up to the expectations of the customers. The study revealed that Bajaj Allianz Life Insurancehas better service quality in comparison to the other four life insurancecompanies. Thus, the study discovered that customers are dissatisfied with theservices of private life insurance companies. The private life insurance companiesneed to improve their tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy,service convenience and service availability dimensions to positively enhance thecustomer perceptions of service quality of private life insurance companies. Private life insurance companies should improve their quality of service toenhance customer satisfaction. Private life insurance companies knowing thecustomer perceptions of their services can focus and formulate accordingly theirservice process.

Export is important for any economy to grow. In order to boost export, finance ismade available by various institutions and banks. Export finance can be availed inthe form of pre-shipment and post-shipment credit, also it can be availed in homecurrency or foreign currency. On the other hand, some difficulties are also facedby exporters who want to avail such export finance. This paper studies theavailment of export finance in Surat city. It is found that in Surat city, exportersprefer to avail pre-shipment finance from private banks. Also it can be seen thatthe exporters face difficulties such as requirement of excessive documents whileavailing the export finance, they find the procedure to be lengthy and even afterthat it takes a long time for them to actually receive the finance.

A startup experience could be depicted as a business that is in the essential times of development, starting to make and is normally an individual contribution orcollecting from people. New associations are only the opportunity ofcommercialization. Investors play a vital role in commencing the startups. Butcapital and capital access to startups is an enduring problem. While some of themost recent startup businesses have benefited from traditional sources of finance,a huge proportion of companies are still having difficulty raising money frommodern source of finance. Fundamental dauntlessness to the business and realrunning of the business measures are possible essentially by satisfying requiredproportion of money to the new organizations. This research paper analysis the problems faced by startup enterprises in attaining finance and also how startup'suse different methods to raise fund for their startup.

The study was done to understand the short term and long term IPO performance. In order to achieve this, we have obtained returns on the day ofissue, 30 days after the date of issue. It can be seen that returns obtained byinvesting in the IPO issued on NSE is more than the return obtained by investingin the IPO issued on BSE. The research paper will help the investor tounderstand when is the right time for investor to make an exit from the time the investment is made and how much average return the investor can make if heexits its position on the stock. Initially the IPO after getting listed market under performance is negatively related to the size of the firms, suggesting that large IPOs should expect less negative future returns. Similar to the short-term,market condition plays an important role in the aftermarket. The IPOs withexcess initial returns tends to offer extremely negative in the long term. Thequestion that is raised is how to interpret the significantly long-rununderperformance that follows the IPOs. The IPO's offered average positivereturns on the day of issue, 30 days after the day of issue irrespective of the stock exchange on which the stock is been issued. This result is in contrary to the pastresult which reveals that the IPO's underperform after 30 days of issue. The above research paper will help the investor to make required returns if they buythe stocks and sell them at right time.

Purpose: Main objective of this research paper is to study of purchasing attitudewith reference to consumer ethnocentrism in Surat region.

Design: This research design is descriptive using a non-probability conveniencesampling method. Survey was conducted on a sample of 250 consumers throughdeveloping online structured questionnaire.

Findings: Majority of consumers are more likely to consider the image of thecountry of origin when making purchasing decisions. Price, quality, ease ofavailability, availability of after sales services and previous experience wereaffecting purchasing decisions.

Research limitations/implications: With this study researcher tried to establish arelationship between consumer ethnocentrism attitude and demand for domesticproducts.

Contribution and value-add: This study would enhance consumer ethnocentrismattitude where research on consumer ethnocentrism is still not popular. Theresearch study attempts on the background to develop positive attitude towardsdomestic goods or "local for vocal" theme in India.

The paper studies knowledgebase and competitiveness of selected countries from all the continents and finds that countries with lower scores in the above knowledgebase pay higher salaries and benefits to the public sector employees. Their public-private pay gap is also higher. These countries also overstaff their public sector organizations. The paper also studies reporting and financial disclosure of selected nationally important public sector organizations of these countries. These organizations also report and disclose very little. Most of these countries are also found to be faith-based. The study takes UNDP, UNESCO, WIPO and World Bank for knowledge and competitiveness rankings, and budget documents of the respective countries for public sector pay and public expenditures. The study period is 2018-19. The results are mixed, partly consistent and partly inconsistent with the previous literature. One important finding of this paper is that although in macro level (country level) Saudi Arabia, UAE and Chile stand in the middle and upper middle regarding knowledgebase and competitiveness, in micro level (organizational level) disclosure and financial reporting of these countries is very poor.

One of the prime reasons is non active participation of women population. This underutilized or untapped potential creates lot of problems in India. For alleviating poverty and bringing meaningful economic & social development, India has to promote and enhance gender equality and women empowerment Performance of any individual depends on his or her ability backed by the motivation. Ambitions or aspirations motivate people, activate them, broaden their vision and make their lives meaningful. For a person to become an entrepreneur there should be considerable motivation from within himself or herself. It is now believed after many researches that entrepreneur can be developed and need not necessarily be born. For thousands of years female are facing male dominance and now society stand at the beginning of the feminine era, when women will rise to their appropriate prominence , the entire world will recognize the harmony between man and women. Women strives for perfection but she should not strive for perfection but for excellence. Most of the women focus on their urgent tasks than important. Balance means not only better time management, but better boundary management

The term speculation is a kind of action that is being occupied with by individuals who need to do investment funds for example ventures are produced using their reserve funds, or as such it is individuals contribute their reserve funds. At present a wide range of speculation choices are accessible to the financial backers that are bank, Gold, Real home, post administrations, shared assets and so on considerably more. Financial backers are continually putting away their cash with the various kinds of direction and destinations like benefit, security, appreciation, Income steadiness. Analyst in this examination has contemplated the various sorts and roads of ventures accessible and the elements that are needed to be thought of while choosing the speculation with the example size of 114 salaried representatives by leading the overview in Surat City, India. The examination recognizes the favoured venture roads among singular financial backers utilizing their own self-evaluation test for the reason. The investigation set up that those salaried representatives are thinking about the security just as great profit from speculation as first concern before venture. Respondents are significantly more aware about the distinctive venture roads accessible in India aside from female financial backers.

Behavioural finance is a new theoretical field which seeks to apply the understandings of the psychologists to recognize the behaviour of both investors and financial markets. It concentrates upon how investor is aware and acts on information to take investment decisions and that their behaviours reason them to make changed Selection about their financial decisions. Investors do not act sensibly in taking verdicts relating to investment. They have positive weaknesses like cognitive and emotional which take a predominating function in taking investment decision of individuals. They have behavioral biases in the event of taking investment decision. In this present paper researchers examines Effect of Behvioral Biases on Investor's Preference Regarding 80C Tax Saving Instruments in Surat City. Researcher has studied behavioral biases of investors investing in 80C tax saving instruments by conducting the survey with sample size of 100 investors through a well-structured questionnaire in Surat city. The sampling method used was convenient sampling through personal survey method by contacting investors of Surat city. The purpose of this study was to find out behavioral biases of investors while investing in tax saving 80C instruments in Surat City.

Education is the powerful tool that changes all aspects of society for men and women, but our Indian society is still lagging far behind when it comes to educating women. The development of women's education is not only much more important in the development of a domestic family, but it is also more important in the development of the whole society. Therefore, it is urgent need to study the development of women's education in Assam. This paper aims to study the educational landscape of women past and present in Assam and its obstacles and has some suggested views on how to overcome it.

This study is about to know the impact of CSR on financial performance of the selected companies. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of corporate social responsibility on the financial performance of the selected company with the help of PAT, ROA, ROE, ROC& EPS. For the analysis we used descriptive research design and collected data from annual report of companies from 2016 to 2019. The simple regression model used for analyzing the impact in which CSR taken as an independent variable and PAT, ROA, ROE, EOC & EPS as dependent variable. From the regression analysis it is found that there is an impact of CSR contribution on Profit before Tax (PBT) in Hindustan zinc. Return on equity (ROE) in Bharat Petroleum cor. And Ambuja cement, return on capital employed (ROC) in Mahindra and Mahindra and return on earning per share (EPS) in Ambuja cement. There is no impact found in Tata Chemical, Infosys Ltd, Tata Motors, ITC, and Indian Oil Corporation.

Investment is an activity done by an investor for many purposes from their financial savings. It is the way in which salaried people can earn extra income or reduce the tax. The present study is considering different reasons for saving, investment avenues and factors affecting investment of salaried people working in different sectors. Structured questionnaire is designed and circulated among 214 prospective respondents with diversified age, income and education. Non probability sampling design yielded 153 responses from Surat - an economic capital of Gujarat state. The effort is made to factorize various desires for savings and to know saving and investment pattern of salaried people. Collected responses were factorized using exploratory factor analysis and the result includes seven statements, represented by two factors named as Living Augmentation and future Orientation, aggregately explained 42.72 percentage of variance. Correlation and one way ANOVA is also used to find a relationship between different variables from which conclusion has been made that income of salaried people and savings are significantly related and as saving increases investment also increases of the same class people. The study enables future researchers to expand the knowledge in the area of savings and investment by combining it with financial literacy or financial anxiety and various demographic characteristics of population of India.

Now-a- days, health insurance service became much important due to increase in the number of lifestyle diseases and increasing medical cost in the Indian environment. Furthermore, healthcare costs have been growing at a rate of double digit figure for every year. Therefore, health insurance scheme is highly suggested to insure being health and family's health. Currently, wide range of health insurance plans available in the market with its own benefits. The success of the health insurance services depends on the wide acceptance of the public. The present empirical and analytical research examine that growth movement of health insurance market in terms of its premium collection for the reference period 2005-06 to 2018-19 and also to explore the responsible factors on purchase decision of health insurance services among the consumers. This study reported that the actual growth of health insurance market has been increasing trend for the reference period and its growth potential expected to INR 45,000 Crore in the FY 2021-22. The outcome of factor analysis reveals that nine different factors which are mainly considered by the consumers whenever they access health insurance services.

Recently NDA Government, led by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has started many new schemes of financial inclusion to achieve the target of complete financial inclusion. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY), Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY), Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), PM MUDRA Scheme, Atal Pension Yojana (APY), are those schemes announced by Modi Government and targeted to provide different key financial services to the poor. On the basis of Government reports, it is being found that Government is claiming to open bank account of 99 percent households under the PMJDY scheme. Similarly, very adorable claims have also been made by Government related to other schemes. Under Mudra scheme nearly 8.5 crore loan account have been opened, which covers nearly 35 per cent of total households. Similarly as per data provided by Government on the website of PMSBY, PMJJBY, and APY nearly 9.6 crore (38.85%), 3 crore (12%), and 18 lakh (0.72%) households have been covered respectively.

Present study attempts to assess the above adorable claims of the Government with the help of field level observation collected through well structured questionnaire from Atrauli and Jabrauli villages of Lucknow District. In the analysis, it has been found that there is very big difference between the claim of government and ground realities. It has been identified that unawareness of villagers about these schemes and provisions made under these schemes, as one very important reason behind not getting the benefits of these schemes. As awareness is being identified as key variable for availing the benefit of government schemes, paper tries to explain the level of awareness with help of socio-economic characteristics and financial behavior of households using binomial logistic regression model.

The paper studies the factors responsible for the usage of debit/credit cards among the banking customers of Surat city in India. Primary data is compiled using structured questionnaire method along with reference of secondary information from various research articles and certified journal publications A sample of 186 respondents was considered by drawing sample through nonprobability convenience sampling method. Factor analysis was used to analyse the data. Questionnaire was framed by considering variable like Security in usage of cards, Convenience, Risk associated with carrying cash compared with cards, Suitability to Personality, Benefits available, Cheapest when compared with carrying cash, Good customer services, Discounts, Reliability, Safety and Control on Black Money. The analysis discloses that three factors namely Reliability (Safety), Discount and Personality are prime factors responsible for usage of debit/credit cards.

This paper seeks to study the people's perception regarding Goods and Services Tax. The method of study was a survey. The main aim is to study the customer's perception towards GST and to study if there is any significant difference in perception of people on the basis of some demographic characteristics like gender, occupation, qualification, etc. The major findings are that people have a neutral attitude towards GST i.e. they don't have a positive nor a negative attitude towards GST except few aspects on the basis of some demographic factors.

Whether it is public sector or private sector, work-life balance has now been discussed more widely in India. An employee person has various roles to play at a time; first the family role; followed by organization role. These roles have altogether different skills and expectations. When role demands overlap, it leads to role class. Serious problems are faced by the employees, which ultimately result into losses for the incumbent, family and the organization at large. This paper delves into work-life balance issues with reference to females working as school teachers in reputed private schools of Bhopal.

India is one of the fastest developing economy with having International Stock Exchanges like NSE and BSE. The Stock Futures have been seen as a factor causing instability in Spot market. The paper is an effort to investigate the effects of Individual Stock futures expiration effect on underlying Stocks of 19 different sectors listed on NSE based on their Price and Volume analysis. By using daily data of 131 stocks (Out of 139 Stock of Future) based on data availability and stocks working in F&O segment we have found overall negative effect of stock futures on price and volume pre and post the expiration day.

This paper focuses on the relationship between the determinants of dividend policy and the market price of shares. For this purpose, the researchers have considered 07 public sector banks for five years span of time from the year 2014- 15 to 2018-19. Karl Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis with all assumptions have been applied with the use of SPSS and Excel. The profitability (ROE & EPS), Liquidity (Current Ratio), Leverage (Total Debt to Total Assets Ratio), Size (LN of Total Assets), Dividend Policy (DPS, DPO & DY), and Risk(P/E Ratio) have considered as explanatory variables and Closing Market Price of Share is taken as the dependent variable to examine the relationship between two variables. The result of multiple linear regression analysis shows the significant positive impact of liquidity, size, and leverage on the market price of shares, positive but insignificant relationship between profitability, risk and dividend policy with market price of shares and growth has an insignificant relationship with market price of shares of selected PSBs.

The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyse the existing research to establish linkages between the service quality and customer loyalty in life insurance sector. This study also focuses on different factor structure delineated by various authors in life insurance. On the basis of the existing studies it is viewed that there is positive relationship between service quality determinants and customer loyalty. Different authors have given different measurement dimensions of services relevant to life insurance sector. But still studies regarding measurement of service quality in insurance sector are still in conception. The study will help academicians to look into the insights of effect of service quality of customer loyalty and various dimensions for measurement of service quality in life insurance sector. Further it can be used to explore more specific dimensions of service quality in life insurance sector.

Corporate governance includes the relationships among the many stakeholders. The principal stakeholders in the corporate governance are the shareholders, the board of directors, employees, customers, creditors and suppliers. Corporate Governance refers to the mechanism which ensures that while a firm is achieving its goal of shareholders' wealth maximization, this achievement should not be at the cost of other stakeholders. This Paper is descriptive in nature. In this paper we discussed various models of corporate governance. Also, we analyzed various factors influencing the quality of corporate governance. We tried to highlights the various models of the corporate governance which adopts by various countries. This study assists the organizations to enhance their performance as they get aware of various models of corporate governance of the organizations. They also get aware of the various factors which affects the corporate governance.

The progress of modern society throughout the world has become heavily dependent on social media. The last few decades have witnessed the transition of social media from fun to necessity. A present generation student's social, cultural and academic lifestyle appears to be very closely connected to social media. This paper is aimed at investigating the impact of social media and social networking sites on social, cultural and academic life of graduate/ post-graduate students of the district of Burdwan, W.B., India. A sample of 103 college/university students form the said district have been considered. These student's responses regarding their perception of different aspects of social media have been obtained with the help of questionnaire method. The data thus obtained has been subjected to several statistical analyses comprising of discriminant analysis, F-test, descriptive statistic etc., which resulted in various interesting revelations. Finally, logical and analytical discussions have been done with those findings or revelations.